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Weekly Poll: Which form of federalism is better for Ethiopia?

Weekly Poll: Which form of federalism is better for Ethiopia?

The federalism question is one of the age old questions in Ethiopian politics. Some people in Ethiopia support the pre-1991 regional federalism while others support ethnic federalism. Democracy in the Ethiopian state is itself likely to partially depend on whether a significant majority viewpoint is crafted about a form of federalism government to use in the country: which helps to minimize rebellion, violence and opposition to the state.

According to a research paper about Ethiopia published in 2003, the main opponents of the ideology of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia are classified into four main groups. These four main groups are said to be:

  1. Ethnic Amharas and their organizations
  2. Pro-secession ethnonationalists & groups (i.e. OLF, ONLF)
  3. “Amharized” non-Amharas
  4. Mixed-Ethiopians (or those who have parents of two more different ethnic groups)

Another fifth group of Ethiopians fully support ethnic federalism system in principle but they oppose how the system is implemented by the Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) sub-party of the current ruling party in Ethiopia. The opposition parties OFDM and UEDF and their supporters can be categorized into this fifth group.

Today, the question of federalism continues to be one of the main topics inside the Forum (Medrek) for Democratic Dialogue (FDD) opposition alliance which is made up of Oromo People's Congress (OPC) and its United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF), Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) , Arena Tigray for Democracy and Sovereignty (Arena), Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM), Ethiopian Democratic Unity Movement (EDUM) and Somali Democratic Alliance Forces (SDAF).

Due to extremely diverse groups being inside the FDD, while the FDD is successfully managing to create common points for its “give and take manifesto,” many Ethiopians are eager to see what the final decision will be on the form of federalism for the country proposed by FDD.

Inside the FDD, the two extreme conflicting sides when it comes to the question of federalism are the UDJ party of Judge Birtukan Mideksa and the OFDM party of Dr. Bulcha Demeksa. The UDJ representatives of FDD reject ethnic federalism completely, while the OFDM representatives of FDD fully support ethnic federalism. In fact, the OFDM says Meles Zenawi’s TPLF party has not yet implemented ethnic federalism at all. OFDM says a majority-led and genuine ethnic federalism is best for Ethiopia. Both Birtukan Mideksa and Bulcha Demeksa are of Oromo descent but, not surprisingly, Birtukan comes from an ethnically mixed family.

In general, the question of federalism is expected to influence Ethiopian politics for many more years to come. In fact, federalism is not only an Ethiopian question, it is also an AFRICAN Question since some analysts from the more democratic African countries, like Kenya and South Africa, have recently indicated that tendencies of ethnic loyalty and ethno-linguistic divisions continue to grow in their African countries today, even when they discourage the tendencies.

Recognizing the legitimacy of viewpoints of all contending groups and contending ideas, and having dialogue on important issues like FEDERALISM helps to bring peaceful and long-term solutions to Ethiopia and Africa.

In your opinion, which form of federalism is better for Ethiopia?

Have your say and Vote

VOTING IS CLOSED - FINAL RESULTS

24% voted for Pre-1991 federalism

5% voted for TPLF/Minority enforced Ethnic Federalism

61% voted for Majority-led Ethnic Federalism

10% voted for Other form of federalism

Post A Comment
Comments 68 comments for this article
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Added: July 16, 2009. 09:02 AM GMT
No to Ethinic based federalism

Yes to geography oriented federalism
Anonymous
Added: July 14, 2009. 05:28 PM GMT
be ware of the AMHARIZED junks
When ever the issue of Ethiopian unity is raised, everyone will observe two types of reactions. On one group, mainly of Oromos,tigrians,ethio-Somalis and afars wants to preserve their identity. they did this cos they know that for them their language and culture is the fundamentals of their existence. On the other side are, people of amhara, people from the SNNP who believe that their ethinic group is less probable to stand by its self mainly of Gurages, people from two ethinic group, people who are brainwashed and amharized. Those in the second group are loyal to the likes of the late UDJ aka Birhanu nega, Birtukan mideksa. Lets be fair and accept the fact that Afaan Oromo is the largest Ethinic language and should be used as federal language.
Anonymous
Added: July 11, 2009. 10:37 PM GMT
As far as Oromos are concerned, the Language Based Federation (LBF) aka "ethnic" federalism is a panacea for the problems in Ethiopia = Land of blacks = Africa. We can start building the federal UNION from the present geography of Ethiopa and extend it to the whole of Africa!!
Anonymous
Added: July 10, 2009. 05:57 PM GMT
Be fair
Most Oromos seek Independence at the expenses over other minority ethinic groups in Ethiopia. I understand the bitterness of Ormomos where it is coming from. However, Oromos politician have been very greedy, selfish and lack of respect for other minorities Ethiopia. Oromo politicians think Except Tigray and Amhara they think all other part Ethiopia belongs to them. I have a massage for Oromo politicans, as you expect you self determination should be respected .. you should respect the self determination of other minority groups in Ethiopia. Minority ethnic groups have their own identity and they are not Oromos. Let us take a simple example, OLF attitude toward minority ethnics groups is very awful. They attitude is my way or the highway is not helpful. We saw this mentality in Harari area that OLF thinks it belongs to Oromos. OLF even went further by assassinating some Harari because they refused to be Oromos. I understand where the bitterness of Oromos is coming from and I expect they respect the same from other minority groups too and try to snatch their land which is rightly theirs.
Anonymous
Added: July 10, 2009. 02:22 PM GMT
Amaaraa Tigree time is ending
Pre-1991 regional Federalism

there was no regional federalism before 1991. it was Amaaraa minority dominated provinces with Amaaraa cultres.
OROMO
Added: July 08, 2009. 10:58 PM GMT
Nice comment! Let's demote Amharinya to local language so that Amharas comprehend how important Language Based Federation (LBF) aka "ethnic federalism" is!!
Anonymous
Added: July 08, 2009. 10:27 PM GMT
Anonymous 07:38PM,
thanks for the summary! Amharas cry for Unity, because it is about language advantage and it is lucrative, whereas Tigarus also blabber about Ethiopian unity for it is very lucrative specially Weyane being in Finfinne palace! Let both of them bark, but we Oromos know what sort of unity is acceptable to us!!!
Anonymous
Added: July 08, 2009. 07:38 PM GMT
Interesting: two reasons why Abeshas are Unity freaks, Oromos pro Liberty!
The two imprtant reasons I read here as a reason why Abeshas cry for Unity and Oromos want Liberty are:

I) "It is surprising! Only Abeshas tend to oppose the well accepted and respected Language Based Federation (LBF) aka "ethnic" federalism.It is not the will of Oromo nation and others' except Amhara's to advocate for Geography Based Federation (GBF), the euphemy for getting rid of Oromia. Specially Amharas do it, for they know the advantage they get based on the fact that Amharinya being the working language of the federation.

Just stop and think other wise: let's say Afaan Oromo is the working language of the federation instead of Amharinya. Do you know who will favour Geography Based federation? It will be Oromos, not Amharas! What I wanted to tell you here is that every nation favours what is to its advantage. Now in reality Geography Based Federation (GBF) is more advantegious for Amharas. I being Oromo now favour Language Based Federation (LBF)for it serves our interest.

But if you people agree to accept Afaan Oromo instead of Amharinya as a federal language, I will be the best advocator of geography based federation. Mind you I am not talking about making both Afaan Oromo and Amharinya a working language of the federation as G-7 and co try to make us believe. With this maneuver Amharas want that Amharinya be the working language of also Oromia and other regions, which they do not have now! I am telling you that, let's limit Amharinya in only Amhara region and make Afaan Oromo the only NATIONAL language of Ethiopia. I am sure Amharas will be the supporter of language based federalism, while I as Oromo will be the best advocator for geography based federalism!! To test Amharas, whether they unconditionally cry for Unitarist Ethiopia let's demote Amharinya to local language and promote Afaan Oromo to federal language!

II) "What ever we preach, be it unity, self-determination or independence, primarily it is for the sake of economical benefit!! Unity, self-determination and independence per se are not the highest moral goods. They are the meanses to the END, to what ever is good in general and to the economical gain in particular for those who preach them respectively. To comprehend this, it would be good to look at the following interesting and simple analogy:

Let's assume a personified Tigray does have only 10 Birr, Amara 100 and Oromia 1000. Now these three persons try to agree on the way how to live together. There are three options:
1) They can live under the condition that one robing the others if he has pistol (power).
2) All live together united in which they use commonly and share equally what they do have in common (1110 birr: each taking 370).
3) They live separated and each using his own possesion (Tigray uses his 10 Birr, Amara his 100 and Oromia his 1000).

Any way, who do you think tends to robe the others, who do you think advertises unity and who do you think wants separate life? No question the person Tigray if he has pistol in his hand robes the other two, who do have more than what he does have. The person Amhara preaches unity, because he knows he gets more (which is 370 instead of his only 100) if unity is successfull. The person Oromia tries to resist both to hinder the lose he suffers (which is totally 630 Birr: 360 to Tigrai and 270 to Amara). So he rejects unity and struggles against roberry. He knows how much he looses!

So we now can see why Tegarus came with gun and loot what ever they can from Amhara, Oromia and other national areas. We also understand why Amaras untiredly cry for unity, as if unity per se is an absolute moral virtue. It is not the unity what is important for them, but the "270 (370 - 100) birr" they gain if they live in unity with Oromia and other rich areas. That explains their schizophrenic charachter in which they on one side persistently "request" that Tegarus better declare their independence and go to their "dry land", whereas on other side they persistently cry against the possible "secession" of Oromia. Tegarus' motto towards Oromia is "becebexa wede asharo texega" and that of Amaras' is "cibix qolo yizeh wede asharo texega!!" They came to us with their meager resource and consume massively our abandont resource (asharo). That is why, it is understandable if Oromos reject the Abesha type of unity in which the grand children of Minilik and Yohanes rule the whole corner of Oromia and consume the whole "asharo" of Oromo people. Only fool Oromos accept such unity and tolerate such robbery."
Anonymous
Added: July 08, 2009. 07:25 PM GMT
Amaaraa Tigree time is ending
One thing that Oromos, the majority, agree with the Tigree is ethnic federalsm. Only the Amaraa are against this.

The Tigree map of federalsm so far is the best because we have Oromiyaa and there is Ogaadeniyaa and Afaar and the rest. But things will change after we get power from the Wayaanes.

Rayaa is Oromo people who are changing by Habaashaa to be Tiigree and Amaaraa. Rayaa have to get out of Tiigree map and be in Oromiyaa.

Walloo (Dassie, Baatii, Kamaiisee and 95% of Walloo). The only areas in Waloo that is Amaaraa is Laliibalaa and they can have there mountain church. It is not our religion or business.

Most of Gojjaamii will be given to Oromiiyaa (walagaa) and also to Baniishangul. The Amaraas will have no border with Sudan that the Wayaane give them.

Shaawaa is all of Oromiiyaa that has fed the illegal imigrant Amaaraas for many years. Amaaraa Habaashaa land is Gondaar and most of that is Tiigree land and Eriitreyaa land.

Where do Amaaraa come from? Maybe Mars.

Oromiffaa will be official language Amaara language and Tiigree language can be taught in the homes.
Ortodox religion will be placed as minority religion since only 25% people are Ortodox.

Islaam, Waqaaf and Phenxee are religions of Oromiyaa and we are majority so it will be kept from harm.

OROMO
Added: July 08, 2009. 05:36 PM GMT
ethiopian empire is hopeless
the TPLF minority will never give power to the oppostion like bulcha

i suggest bulcha, gudina and others to give up now before it is too late

the idea of more autonomy and true federalism is ofcourse the best option for Oromo people
we want federalism that borders on confederation of states that will not be controlled by the habasha minority

if that happens, nobody cares about article 39 of secession
federalism created almost independent states that are united commercially, which will put us ahead of EU development

it will also save us from fighting and war. OLF can go back to ethiopia and rule oromia together with OFDM and OPC

we can call it Gadaa Republic of Ethiopia or United States of Africa which will create the foundation for a bigger USA in africa based on ethnic states and finally heal the side-effects of the european scramble for africa that cut off ethnicities into 3 or 4 borders (as we see somalis in 4 countries, afars in 3 countries and oromos in 2 countries etc)


Gadissa
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