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HOME / Specials / WEEKLY POLL
Poll: Peaceful or Armed struggle for democracy in Ethiopia?
Judge Birtukan Mideksa and Dr. Merera Gudina support peaceful struggle while Dr. Berhanu Nega and Dawud Ibsa favor armed struggle for change in Ethiopia.
The debate continues in Ethiopia on which method will bring democratic change in the country. After the imprisonment of the top opposition leader Judge Birtukan Mideksa and after the 2010 national election (which local and independent international observers said was stolen by the ruling party)- the chances of peaceful change has diminished. The failure of elections, the ongoing rights abuses and the Obama US administration's silence has made Ethiopians feel hopeless and betrayed.

On the other side, there appears to be no militarily effective armed struggle to bring change and remove the Meles Zenawi government. While the numerous peaceful opposition groups have united under the new "MEDREK" umbrella coalition, the armed oppisition groups remain divided politically, ethnically and ideologically as well as suffer with inner-party crisis. While some peaceful opposition movements have relatively gained nationwide grassroots support beyond religious, regional, clan and ethnic boundaries; the armed groups lack the nationwide mandate to rule the country even if they win militarily.

Discuss below what is the next step or the correct path to establish democracy in Ethiopia.

  • and VOTE on the right side of this article; peaceful struggle or armed struggle?
Post A Comment
Comments 59 comments for this article
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Added: November 04, 2010. 02:47 PM GMT
ato
Woyane doesn't give power by peace full struggle,. all Ethiopian stand together to fight woyane to get our freedom, democracy and justice. Woyane is the enemy of Oromo, Ahamare, Tigraye , Gurage and soon.
Anonymous
Added: October 16, 2010. 07:09 PM GMT
THE ONLY METHOD IS
UNCONTROLLED VIOLANCE STYLE REVOLATION.
Anonymous
Added: October 15, 2010. 01:25 AM GMT
Freedom
If peacful struggle is made impossible, it is ture that arms struggle is "Inevitable ". It is a defult not a matter of choice
Anonymous
Added: September 29, 2010. 08:59 PM GMT
peaceful struggle is meaningless when those incharge do not understand the meaning.
It has been 20 years sice Woyanes are in power and we have seen no change interms of human right protection, freedom of speech, and freedom of choice. woyane has been breaking the laws of all these three areas since they put themselves in power. The Ethiopian people waited with patience for 20 years for the change to come without any violence. Instead of change, they are faced with brutal laws written by woyane dictators. so i think peaceful struggle will not bring any meaningful change for Ethiopian. The only answer is Armed struggle to Eliminate these blood sucker monsters for once and for all.
Anonymous
Added: September 25, 2010. 02:05 AM GMT
development?
“……It’s the force that turned South Korea from a recipient of aid to a donor of aid. It’s the force that has raised living standards from Brazil to India. And it’s the force that has allowed emerging African countries like Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique to defy the odds and make real progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals, even as some of their neighbors — like Cote d’Ivoire — have lagged behind.”
President Obama September 22, 2010

IMF , WORLD BANK WITH MELES AND CO. PLANED AND ACHIEVED WHAT THEY PLANED. IF YOU DO NOT BELIEVE ME CHECK OUT THE FOLLOWING LINKS AND TELL ME, IF THIS IS NOT A SIGN OF ACHIEVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IS.

http://www.ethiopianreview.com/content/29526

addisvoice.com/2010/07/azeb-mesfi/
kIROS
Added: September 15, 2010. 12:36 PM GMT
We all HAVE TO BE PART OF IT
Hey Guys do not expect the woyannes to go peacfully.They won't Period.organized armed struggle is the only ansd best option.We all should be part of it in any way we could contribute.Specially killing ,i may seem to be cruel and murderer ,but i do not think i am from the heart ,the hodams who are working with these people(the real woyannes) should be given a top priority.Killing everyone of them at any level,be it a kebeke or at higher level,like the IHAPHAS once used to do it i think will do the trick and facilitates the fall down of the regime
Koratu
Added: September 01, 2010. 02:01 AM GMT
EPDRF need to know...
EPDRF need to know they can't push arround people for ever. So i support organized armed stragle.
Anonymous
Added: August 30, 2010. 12:45 AM GMT
Little push only
The people in Ethiopia are very furstrated and angred by the current ruling group. I peresonally have seen their suffering and hopless life. In my opinion to topple the current governament the aramed struggle camp do not need a lot of military power. If they are able to capture some border cities/areas and able to wage a gorilla war in the capital, trust me the residents in the capital will start fighting the police, and security force there--they kill them by 100/per night. Moreover, they will punish, the collaboraters of the government. Trust me the youth will find its way to join the armed struggle group in the boarder cities to come back to the capital with guns and amunition.

In summary, if the armed struggle camp demonstrate their ability to threatining the current ruling group, the rest will be done by the people who currently seem "law" ( I know the current ruling class law is kangaroo court) abiding citizens



Anonymous
Added: August 29, 2010. 09:38 AM GMT
All of the Above
Thank you for posting this poll on your website. It would be interesting to see the result of this poll. However, I don’t agree with the two options provided here. I believe there is no A or B in terms of the strategy we should use to topple down or establish a democratic government in Ethiopia today. The Woyane regime is not willing for peaceful struggle. And we have seen it the last 19 years. All mechanisms should be used to create pressure on the ruling clique. We also know and have seen them responding forcefully to negotiations when real pressure mounts, at the right time. Thus, the best approach for today’s Ethiopia is to use a comprehensive and multipronged approach including armed struggle.
Abba Burqa
Added: August 28, 2010. 01:14 PM GMT
There is nothing new in the Ethiopian politics!!!!
Dear all, this article was written on the Sudan Tribune on
Sunday 30 November 2008. Since then, nothing have changed, but
the suffering of the Nation of Oromia is skyrocketing.
Enjoy the reading.
================================================
Sunday 30 November 2008, by Yaadasaa Dafaa
I could not see any thing new except the increasingly worsening of
Oromo people's suffering
under the TPLF regime of Ethiopia, just as it was started centuries
ago by their past Abyssinian inhuman emperors. Here I am trying to
shed a beam of light on just yesterday's experiences of the Oromoo
people as it remain hard as a rock to swallow the reasons behind some
Oromoo individuals abandoning their Nation's just causes and returning
back to join their Nation's core enemies.

Here it goes:
Just as Haile Selassie's regime used modernization as a code word for
consolidation of Menelik's empire, and the Dergue regime tried to use
Marxism-Leninism to maintain Abyssinian domination, the TPLF regime
found democratization to have a useful currency as a code word for its
agenda of domination. The TPLF regime, by signing the July 1991
Charter, recognized the fact that "nations, nationalities, and
peoples" in Ethiopia have the right to self-determination including
independence (July Charter, Art. 2). The preamble of the charter
mentioned "the end of an era of subjugation and oppression". But, time
proved that it was actually the beginning of subjugation and
oppression under ethnic Tigrean hegemony. The TPLF, operating under
the cover of surrogate parties, quickly consolidated its exclusive
control over the transitional government at all levels.

International assistance obtained during that period to undertake
legal and institutional reform was in fact nothing less than
assistance to the TPLF to consolidate its power by dismantling
Amhara-centric state apparatus and replacing it by Tigrean controlled
institutions. Today, there is no public institution -- the military,
judiciary, civil service and regulatory agencies -- outside the
control of the TPLF and its surrogates. Military assistance is among
major programs sponsored by the US for the TPLF regime. The program
helped to transform TPLF militia into a "professional" army and beyod.

Judicial independence is declared on paper; but it does not have a
functional existence. Let us look at the past practices of TPLF: The
judiciary is simply an appendage of the ruling party that exercises
exclusive control over its budget to manipulate the administration of
courts. The appointment, training, promotion, transfer, discipline,
and tenure of judges and prosecutors are subject to heavy-handed
manipulation by the regime to subvert the legal system to serve the
political and economic interests of those in power. There is no
safeguard against arbitrary decisions by government officials. In
effect, the regime has absolute power to pass any legislation, to
enforce or ignore any of its laws with impunity. For instances,
according to reports by private newspapers, in 1995 the regime purged
several judges who tried to assert judicial independence by resisting
political pressure. The most victims as usual include five Oromia
Supreme Court judges, including its president as reported in March
2000 ( 07/08/92 Ethiopian calendar) by a private newspaper called "
Seyfanabalbal". The usual false government alibi for dismissals is
corruption, incompetence or abuse of authority. A former president of
the Oromia state , Mr. Hassen Ali Ibrahim, has this to say in his
asylum request written on December 7, 1998 to the US Justice
Department: "I opposed the human rights abuses committed by the
Federal Government soldiers and secret service men in Oromia. Although
Oromia is autonomous in name, the government soldiers and secret
service agents have total power to do whatever they want to do in
Oromia. They imprison, torture, or kill anyone ... without due process
of law. For example, my own nephew, Abdalla Adam Ibrahim, was accused
of supporting the OLF and has been for the past three years at Ginir
secret detention in Bale zone (south-east Oromia).... Despite having
been President, and now Vice President of Oromia and a Central
Committee member of the ruling party, I have not been able to bring my
nephew's case before court of law. This is because the Federal
Government soldiers, more appropriately the TPLF soldiers, are in
practice above law in Oromia". It is a public secret to know that such
practices of TPLF have worsen as their grip on the power became more
tighter and tighter suffocating all constituencies.

In recognition of the role of civic societies to consolidate a
democratization process, international funds are made available to the
TPLF regime for the purpose of promoting the grass-roots democratic
institutions. However, mass organizations set up by the regime and
penetrated by its loyal members to manipulate the populace are
presented to the international donors as civic societies. It is common
knowledge that the Relief Society of Tigray (REST) was used by the
international donors to channel resources to the TPLF since the 1980s.
It now enjoys increased funding by international NGO and governmental
aid-organizations. Another NGO, the Tigray Development Association,
was formed to supplement the activities of REST by tapping the
economic resources of the Tigray diaspora for development activities
within Tigray. While NGOs affiliated with the TPLF regime are
encouraged and supported by the regime, indigenous NGOs not loyal to
the TPLF regime are harassed, intimidated, and prosecuted under false
charges. For instance, the Oromo Relief Association was falsely
accused and shutdown. Prominent leaders of the Mecha and Tulama
Self-help Association and the Human Rights League are incarcerated and
are being prosecuted on false charges.

Funds generated from bilateral and multilateral international sources
were used to consolidate the TPLF home base under a plan known as the
Emergency Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Tigray. Billions of
dollars raised from the international community through loans and aid
grants for the whole country have been diverted to develop Tigray in
the past years since the appearnces of TPLF on the power screen of the
country, while other areas are deliberately neglected. An impressive
number of schools, colleges, highways, airports, factories,
telecommunication networks and introduction of computers into schools,
and electrification of towns and districts are some of the development
projects carried out in Tigray. Meanwhile, Oromia and other areas are
suffering from famine, AIDS epidemics, abject poverty and social
stagnation. The regime tries to cover up this naked reality by touting
an achievement of over 5% rate of economic growth. The fact is that
the majority of the population has not benefited from the claimed
growth. Former growing towns of Oromia such as Mendi, and .... endless
list of vicinities are deliberately segregated from development. Once
flourishing futuristic small towns, at the present time, ended up
resembling the dying ghost towns.

Privatization of public enterprises was supposed to stimulate private
sector development as one of the primary objectives of the first phase
of SAP. Through manipulations of bidding processes, control of bank
credit facilities, corruptions, and related methods, non-Tigrean
investors were denied the opportunity to benefit from the program.
Parallel to privatization and ownership diversification of public
enterprises, there emerged a huge conglomerate of enterprises owned by
the TPLF through its prominent members and supporters fronting as
shareholders. They are now interlinked with the Endowment Fund for the
Rehabilitation of Tigray (EFFORT), which was formed in 1995 with an
envisaged total investment of 2.7 billion birr. TPLF companies formed
earlier include: MEGA Communication, SUN Construction, and GUNA
Trading. According to one study:"... [By] the end of 1996 most of the
companies set up by TPLF prior to the formation of EFFORT had been
restructured with EFFORT taking over most of the shares previously
held by the TPLF-front persons. Some other companies controlled by the
TPLF through EFFORT became minor shareholders and a few shares went to
high-ranking TPLF members (who are also sitting on the Board of
Directors of EFFORT) who became Chairpersons of the Board of Directors
of these restructured companies. ..."

The point is that structural adjustment program is effectively used to
consolidate Tigray oligarchy which now dominates the entire political
life and all economic sectors of the country. This political,
economical and judiciary conspiracies are continued with more
arrogances by the TPLF with no end in sight. But the regime blindly
refuses to see that they are digging their own grave by adversely
robbing impoverishing other pat of the state.

The idea of Ethiopia as a Christian outpost has revived under a new
doctrine of stopping the spread of Muslim fundamentalism. Ethiopia
under the TPLF regime is accepted as pivotal state partner of the US
and its allies, despite well documented, systematic egregious
violations of human rights by the regime let alone in the
pretentiously colonized state of Somalia, but the main land of
Ethiopia itself. In a study sponsored by the USAID-Ethiopia in May
1993 to assist preparation of TPLF's constitution for Ethiopia,
Harvard professor Samuel P. Huntington advised the regime that "a
dominant party democratic system" "might be possible and would be
desirable" to maintain the regime in power. A reminder included in the
Machiavellian advice by the professor was that "constitutions and the
institutions they create do make difference. They have a decisive
influence on the allocation of power and resources, who gets what,
when and how." What the advice did not mention is that respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms is an internationally recognized
duty of a government. Evidently, what USAID does in Ethiopia directly
serves US foreign policy goal. The Agency's budget for one of the
last/previous FY was about US$50 million, out of which considerable
amount is to assist TPLF democratization effort. It should be
mentioned that, according to USAID sources, Harvard Institute (sic) of
International Development is a contractor for the project
implementation.

According to Article 1 of the two UN Covenants on human rights: "All
peoples have the right of self-determination". The UN Conference on
Human Rights in Vienna, Austria , in 1993 declared: "All human rights
are universal, indivisible and interdependent and inter-related. The
international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and
equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis."

Enjoyment of individual human rights presupposes the realization of
self-determination, which is the synthesis of individual human rights.
While the right of their people is violated, individuals cannot be
really free to exercise their basic rights and freedoms. Under the
circumstance, denial of the right of self-determination becomes the
root-cause of violations of rights of individual members of the
society. Those who have responsibility under International Bill of
Rights to "strive for protection and observance" of human rights
violate their international duty when they maintain a client
relationship with the repressive Ethiopian regime at the expense of
the Oromo and other oppressed peoples. There is currently an
international trend to define a precise scope of the legal and moral
responsibility arising out of such violations.

HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF
The Nation of Oromoo is subjected to all the above systematic and
inhumane exploitations by successive Ethiopian regimes under the
pretexts of keeping a united "One Ethiopia". In the Western and other
democratic Nations of the world, it is always the duty of all the
citizens to execute and protect the will of the people. If their best
of interest is not adhered to by the governing body the people do have
an absolute right to pursue the appropriate and the lawful
action/solutions according to their constitution to resolve their
grievances. But in Ethiopia where the rights of the citizens are not
respected and often abused, where the majority of the Nation's
language, history, culture and all social aspects of the colonized
people are categorically suppressed with the worst brutality, one can
only expect prisons, and unlawful search and seizure, torture, and
even death when the colonized people try to raise their voices against
the perpetrators, the governing dictators.

It is a public secret to know that the TPLF regime of Ethiopia
continues to harass, sell it's lands to the foreigners, imprison, and
torture the Oromo citizens to the point that it makes the life most
miserable and intolerable for them.When the degrees of torture, and
the inhumane treatment by the governing entity becomes practically
unbearable, those who are fortunate enough may chose to flee from
these atrocities. Therefore, it is imperative and factual evidence for
all ages of the people of Oromo and other colonized people in Ethiopia
to escape and seek a refugee status in the neighboring African States.
But a refugee from Oromo Nation often faces enormous difficulties
including lack of shelter, and basic human needs, protections when
they arrive at the refugee camps in the host neighboring State.
Besides, these Ormoo refugees usually are the easiest target of the
hired Ethiopian murders as evidenced in Somalia, Kenya, and Sudan.

Even if World Nation such as USA, Canada, Australia, Germany, other
European, and Scandinavians Nations are accepting these desperate
immigrants from Oromiyya, they need immediate humanistic support of
survival when they reach the foreign neighboring countries. These
Oromoo refugees often and most likely to arrive the land where they
happen to seek the refugee status at, with nothing in their
possession. Good examples for these facts are the daily witness of
Oromo Refugee arriving and living in Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, and
Eritrea. A Very few of these refugees may have relatives living in
other counties, and may receive simple basic assistances which may
support them till they are able to process the resettlement programs.
Yet others or the majority of these Oromo refugees may end up
malnourished, unsheltered, and even starve beyond human imaginations.
Therefore, the Oromo people calls upon all Nations of the World to
reach out for them in such a hard time when their lives are threatened
and on the crossroads of survival and death.

But it remains ironic when certain Oromos who may have been considered
highly and respected for their past dedications to the true causes of
the Oromoo Nation's subjugation and colonization, turn back and
abandon the struggle they upheld so far. Even if it could be futile
presumptions for me to speculate on the reasons behind their
surrender, it would be suffice to conclude for me, that those of Ali
Birraa, Abbaa Biyyaa, Qamar Yusuf, and the Asmara group entourage
finally revealed their true colors. This could be a blessing in
disguise as the pretenders are coming out of their shadows and bow
down the twisted meanings of Democracy of TPLF. Yes, they have to bow
down to TPLF, because there is no "Democracy" if any one questions the
supremacy of the TPLF!!!. Yes, they have to bow down to TPLF, because
they will be called "Terrorists" if any one of them questions even in
the so called "Ethiopian legal means" the supremacy of the TPLF!!!.
In fact TPLF has warned them to keep their mouths shut by massive
arrest and imprisonment of other innocent Oromoos on the eve of those
individual former icons of Oromo going home, which symbolizes classic
act of tiresome against the Nation of Oromia.

Yaadasaa Dafaa

References
Gadaa Malbaa, Oromia (1988). Abiyu Geleta, Former Representative of
OLF Foreign Affairs Department. John Sorenson, Imagining Ethiopia :
Struggles for History and Identity in the Horn of Africa (1993). Borg
G. Steffenson and Ronald K. Starrett (eds), Documentary Publications:
Documents on Ethiopian Politics 1910 - 1929 Vol. I The Decline of
Menelik II (1976) .Vol. II Consolidation of Haile Selassie's Power
(1977) .Ibsaa Guutama, August 2007
Kumerra Gemechi: Reconciliation: a hallmark of the Oromos, October 04, 2007

Yaadasaa@gmail.com
Anonymous
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